Diagnosis, Treatment and Controversies

Have you ever swallowed and had food "go down the wrong way"? For an estimated 15-40% of adults over the age of 60 this is a constant concern. Dysphagia is simply defined as any difficulty or inability to swallow. It is not a disease, but a disruption of a normal process. Problems at any point during the swallow can result in difficulty swallowing. A person with dysphagia may have a delayed, incomplete or absent swallowing response. Potential causes include obstruction, nerve and muscle problems and miscellaneous issues such as trauma, medications, poor dentition and poor mouth care. Dysphagia can have a dramatic impact on an older person's nutritional status including development of malnutrition, unintended weight loss, dehydration, and other nutrition deficits. Warning Signs of Dysphagia Dysphagia sometimes goes undetected because the signs and symptoms may be confused with other problems or conditions. Warning signs include: · Coughing, gagging, choking, weak cough, frequent throat clearing or hoarse voice · Poor control of head, mouth or tongue · Difficulty chewing, moving food around or pocketing food in the mouth · Delayed or absent swallow reflex · Complaints of food sticking in the throat If signs of swallowing problems are identified, referral should be made to the appropriate health care professional(s) to screen for dysphagia and assess for problems with dentition, pocketing of food in the mouth, pooling of liquids, suspected aspiration, risk of unintended weight loss and malnutrition. The EAT-10: A Swallowing Screening Tool may be used for screening, and a bedside swallow evaluation may be completed to determine need for further testing. y7eJKsko
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